ABSTRACT
Relevance. The formation of humoral immunity is one of the most important manifestations of the protective mechanism against an infectious disease. The formation of antibodies with neutralizing activity is a key factor in preventing infection. Aims. Analysis of the esults of an ELISA study for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to the causative agent of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the population of the Central Orenburg region. Materials and methods. Immunoassay of blood serum for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies using ELISA test by Vectro-Best (Novosibirsk, Russia). Results and discussion. The analysis revealed the presence of more than half of the cases of sero conversion among the examined individuals. The most surveyed was the group aged 21 to 65 years. The most typical humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has been established, and the age-related characteristics of its formation have been determined. The dependence of the positivity coefficient on the age of the patients was revealed. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the formed humoral (collective) immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus was registered in more than half of the studied sample. © Pankov AS et al.
ABSTRACT
The study of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children is relevant and of interest for practical health care. Purpose: to identify the clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in the context of the six-month dynamics of the pandemic in children of the Orenburg region and to formulate recommendations for optimizing the diagnosis of this disease. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 2661 results of detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA (including 170 children) was carried out on the basis of the microbiological laboratory of the Orenburg State Medical University. Age and sex, structure of preliminary diagnoses, main clinical manifestations, frequency of testing and dynamics of the PCR threshold cycle in September 2020 and January 2021 were assessed. Results. The proportion of children examined in the Orenburg region from September 2020 to January 2021 increased from 4.6 ?} 0.6% to 8.1 ?} 0.7%. At the same time, the number of PCR + results also significantly increased from 5.0 ?} 2.8% to 8.2 ?} 2.6% (?2 = 54.81;p = 0). The average age of children was 9-10 years old. The main reason for referral was pre-hospitalization screening not related to COVID-19. The proportion of PCR + results in this cohort was significantly lower in children than in adults. Among the clinically manifested forms in adults, the leading diagnosis was ≪pneumonia≫, and in children ≪ARVI≫. In childhood, a predominantly asymptomatic course of the disease was recorded. In children, unlike adults, PCR Ct values did not correlate with the severity and duration of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Conclusion. Due to the low diagnostic value of symptoms in children, it is more expedient to focus on epidemiological data and data from the results of laboratory examination methods. When interpreting the results of PCR diagnostics of COVID-19 for prognostic purposes, it is important to take into account the patient's age.
ABSTRACT
Relevance. They did not learn completely the information of the distribution of morbidity by territory and population sex-age groups in the context of a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Aims. It is necessary to study COVID-19 distribution features among the population of the central Orenburg region administrative districts in June–December 2020. Materials And Methods. We analyzed the results of the study of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) COVID-19 of the population of the Central Orenburg region for June-December 2020 (72 484 nasopharyngeal smears from 13 districts of the region). The presence of SARS-CoV2 RNA was detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR. The significance of differences in indicators was assessed using the paired Pearson test (p≤0.05;EPI-INFO, version 7.2.4;CDC). Results. The share of positive findings was 15,5% of the studied material from 12,5% of the population. Registration of COVID 19 cases in the Central Orenburg region began in June 2020. They revealed a significant correlation between the dynamics of the districts population morbidity and the dynamics of examined persons number. The study of morbidity dynamics showed a significant growth with the registration of maximum values in October with a decrease in disease cases in December by 2 times. They identified the highest morbidity rates territories (Aleksandrovsky, Akbulaksky, Sharlyksky, Tyulgansky, Perevolotsky, Sol-Iletsky, Saraktashsky, Belyaevsky dist at the average regional level 2204,90 /0000). The distribution of cases by sex revealed the predominance of women disease cases (56,8%) over the men proportion (43,2%). Women dominated among adults under 65 years of age, while men dominated in the children's and over 65 years of age groups. However, the prevalence analysis for the given period showed the women dominance in all age groups in all the studied territories. They can conclude that there is a great women commitment to medical care. It was not possible to identify significant correlations between the morbidity level and the districts remoteness from Orenburg. It is likely that at modern communication speeds distances of 250–300 km are not a significant barrier to a new infection with a dominant airborne transmission pathway spread. Conclusions. The study showed a mobidity significant growth for 2020. 8 of 13 territories under study became those of increased risk of morbidity. Cases of the disease ratio among men and women responds to the men and women ratio among the population. The age group of 0-18 was least affected. The analysis showed a morbidity reliable growth with increasing age of patients of both sexes and revealed a large inferiority of the female population. © 2021, Numikom. All rights reserved.